Architecture

Sun is a compiled language with an LLVM 20 backend.

Compilation Pipeline

Source → Lexer → Parser → AST → Semantic Analyzer → Borrow Checker → Codegen Visitor → LLVM IR → JIT/AOT

Component	Files	Description
Driver	`driver.h/cpp`	Orchestrates the full pipeline: parse → analyze → codegen → execute
Lexer	`lexer.h/cpp`, `nfa.h`	NFA-based regex tokenizer supporting keywords, operators, literals
Parser	`parser.h/cpp`	Recursive descent parser producing AST nodes
AST	`ast.h/cpp`	Expression/statement nodes with type annotations
Semantic Analyzer	`semantic_analyzer.h/cpp`	Type inference, scope analysis, closure capture detection
Borrow Checker	`borrow_checker/*.h/cpp`	Rust-style ownership and borrowing analysis (WIP)
Codegen Visitor	`codegen_visitor.h`, `src/codegen/*.cpp`	Visitor pattern for AST-to-LLVM-IR translation
LLVM Codegen	`codegen.h/cpp`, `llvm_type_resolver.h/cpp`	LLVM context, module, and type management
Matrix Codegen	`matrix_codegen.h/cpp`	Specialized code generation for matrix operations
Compiler	`compiler.h`	AOT compilation: emit object files, link executables
SunJIT	`sun_jit.h`	LLVM ORC-based JIT compiler for immediate execution

The code generation is split across multiple files by expression type:

File	Responsibility
`codegen_visitor.cpp`	Main visitor dispatch, module initialization
`functions_lambdas.cpp`	Function/lambda codegen with closure support
`classes.cpp`	Class definitions, constructors, methods
`call_expressions.cpp`	Function calls, method calls
`variable_creation.cpp`	Variable declarations (`var`, `let`)
`variable_references.cpp`	Variable loads, assignments
`if_expressions.cpp`	Conditionals, ternary expressions
`loops.cpp`	`for` and `while` loops
`block_expressions.cpp`	Block scoping
`return_statements.cpp`	Return value handling
`error_handling.cpp`	`try`/`catch`/`throw` codegen
`matrices.cpp`	Matrix operations and indexing

The type system (types.h) includes:

Primitives: i8, i16, i32, i64, f32, f64, bool, void
Matrices: N-dimensional matrices with compile-time or runtime dimensions
Functions/Lambdas: First-class function types with closure support
Pointers: ptr<T> owning pointers, raw_ptr<T> for C interop, static_ptr<T> for static data
Classes: User-defined types with methods and fields
Interfaces: Contracts for polymorphism
Generics: Parameterized types with monomorphization
Error Unions: T, IError for explicit error handling

sun program.sun

Uses LLVM ORC JIT for immediate execution without producing binaries.

sun --compile -o program program.sun

Emits object file via LLVM, links with system C compiler to produce native executable.